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In number theory, the Legendre symbol is a multiplicative function with values 1, −1, 0 that is a quadratic character modulo of an odd prime number p: its value at a (nonzero) quadratic residue mod p is 1 and at a non-quadratic residue (non-residue) is −1.
Minsky (1967) briefly argued that standard (2,2) machines cannot be universal and M. Margenstern (2010) provided a mathematical proof [4] based on a result by L. Pavlotskaya in 1973 (not published but mentioned in Margenstern article); thus, it might seem that the (2,3) Turing machine would be the smallest possible universal Turing machine (in ...
Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry, mainly for chemical elements; but also for functional groups, chemical compounds, and other entities. Element symbols for chemical elements, also known as atomic symbols, normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.
In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations. [2] If x 2 = 9, one may give the solution as x = ±3. This indicates that the equation has two solutions: x = +3 and x = −3.
The infinity symbol (∞) is a mathematical symbol representing the concept of infinity. This symbol is also called a lemniscate, [1] after the lemniscate curves of a similar shape studied in algebraic geometry, [2] or "lazy eight", in the terminology of livestock branding. [3]
Since the parent ion can only be 2 P 1/2 or 2 P 3/2, the notation can be shortened to [] or ′ [], where nℓ means the parent ion is in 2 P 3/2 while nℓ′ is for the parent ion in 2 P 1/2 state. Paschen notation is a somewhat odd notation; it is an old notation made to attempt to fit an emission spectrum of neon to a hydrogen-like theory.
Valknut variations. On the left unicursal trefoil forms; on the right tricursal linked triangle forms.. The valknut is a symbol consisting of three interlocked triangles.It appears on a variety of objects from the archaeological record of the ancient Germanic peoples.
The trademark symbol ™ is a symbol to indicate that the preceding mark is a trademark, specifically an unregistered trademark. It complements the registered trademark symbol ® which is reserved for trademarks registered with an appropriate government agency. [1] In Canada, an equivalent marque de commerce symbol, 🅪 (U+1F16A) is used in ...