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Term logic. In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics.
In mathematical logic, a term denotes a mathematical object while a formula denotes a mathematical fact. In particular, terms appear as components of a formula. This is analogous to natural language, where a noun phrase refers to an object and a whole sentence refers to a fact. A first-order term is recursively constructed from constant symbols ...
An intensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for when the term should be used. In the case of nouns, this is equivalent to specifying the properties that an object needs to have in order to be counted as a referent of the term. For example, an intensional definition of the word "bachelor ...
In logic, the property of a logical system whereby every logically valid formula can be derived using the system's axioms and inference rules. complexity class A classification of decision problems based on their inherent computational complexity, grouping problems that can be solved within similar resource constraints. complexity theory
When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Logic plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics . Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises together with a conclusion.
Fallacy of exclusive premises – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because both of its premises are negative. [ 11] Fallacy of four terms ( quaternio terminorum) – a categorical syllogism that has four terms. [ 12] Illicit major – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because its major term is not distributed in the major premise ...
Classification. The fallacy of four terms is a syllogistic fallacy. Types of syllogism to which it applies include statistical syllogism, hypothetical syllogism, and categorical syllogism, all of which must have exactly three terms. Because it applies to the argument's form, as opposed to the argument's content, it is classified as a formal ...
Logical reasoning is concerned with the correctness of arguments. A key distinction is between deductive and non-deductive arguments. Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion ...