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Donabedian model. The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [ 1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: “structure,” “process,” and “outcomes." [ 2] Structure describes the context in ...
The health belief model ( HBM) is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. [ 1][ 2] The health belief model also refers to an individual's beliefs about preventing diseases, maintaining health, and striving for well ...
Uncertainty management theory ( UMT ), developed by Dale Brashers, addresses the concept of uncertainty management. Several theories have been developed in an attempt to define uncertainty, identify its effects and establish strategies for managing it. [ 1] Uncertainty management theory was the first theory to decline the idea that uncertainty ...
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population . It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases. [ 1] Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices, and are dynamic processes that begin before individuals realize they are affected.
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". [ 1][ 2] Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [ 3]
Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". [ 1] It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population. It has been described as consisting of three components.
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.