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  2. Virtual inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_inheritance

    Virtual inheritance is a C++ technique that ensures only one copy of a base class ' s member variables are inherited by grandchild derived classes. Without virtual inheritance, if two classes B and C inherit from a class A, and a class D inherits from both B and C, then D will contain two copies of A ' s member variables: one via B, and one via C.

  3. Virtual function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_function

    Although pure virtual methods typically have no implementation in the class that declares them, pure virtual methods in some languages (e.g. C++ and Python) are permitted to contain an implementation in their declaring class, providing fallback or default behaviour that a derived class can delegate to, if appropriate. [5] [6]

  4. Virtual class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_class

    Virtual class. In object-oriented programming, a virtual base class is a nested inner class whose functions and member variables can be overridden and redefined by subclasses of an outer class. [ 1] Virtual classes are analogous to virtual functions . The run time type of a virtual class depends on the run time type of an object of the outer class.

  5. C++ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++

    A class containing a pure virtual function is called an abstract class. Objects cannot be created from an abstract class; they can only be derived from. Any derived class inherits the virtual function as pure and must provide a non-pure definition of it (and all other pure virtual functions) before objects of the derived class can be created.

  6. Curiously recurring template pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring...

    Curiously recurring template pattern. The curiously recurring template pattern ( CRTP) is an idiom, originally in C++, in which a class X derives from a class template instantiation using X itself as a template argument. [ 1] More generally it is known as F-bound polymorphism, and it is a form of F -bounded quantification .

  7. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

    [26] [27] In C++, an abstract class is a class having at least one abstract method given by the appropriate syntax in that language (a pure virtual function in C++ parlance). [25] A class consisting of only pure virtual methods is called a pure abstract base class (or pure ABC) in C++ and is also known as an interface by users of the language. [13]

  8. Composition over inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_over_inheritance

    To favor composition over inheritance is a design principle that gives the design higher flexibility. It is more natural to build business-domain classes out of various components than trying to find commonality between them and creating a family tree. For example, an accelerator pedal and a steering wheel share very few common traits, yet both ...

  9. Polymorphism (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer...

    t. e. In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types. [ 1] In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types. [ 2] The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology where an organism or species can ...