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Gunning fog index. In linguistics, the Gunning fog index is a readability test for English writing. The index estimates the years of formal education a person needs to understand the text on the first reading. For instance, a fog index of 12 requires the reading level of a United States high school senior (around 18 years old).
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Website. ielts .org. International English Language Testing System ( IELTS / ˈaɪ.ɛlts /) [ 6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [ 6] and was established in 1989.
Extensive reading ( ER) is the process of reading longer, easier texts for an extended period of time without a breakdown of comprehension, feeling overwhelmed, or the need to take breaks. [ 1][ 2] It stands in contrast to intensive or academic reading, which is focused on a close reading of dense, shorter texts, typically not read for pleasure ...
[1] [2] Following design patterns should be combined together to make the system more fault tolerant: retry, fallback, timeout, circuit breaker, and bulkhead pattern. [3] [4] To make your system more fault tolerant, you should measure 99th percentile latency and keep the remaining 1% (aka tail latencies) in check through self healing mechanisms ...
JPXDecode, a lossy or lossless filter based on the JPEG 2000 standard, introduced in PDF 1.5. Normally all image content in a PDF is embedded in the file. But PDF allows image data to be stored in external files by the use of external streams or Alternate Images. Standardized subsets of PDF, including PDF/A and PDF/X, prohibit these features.
English: A PDF version of the en:Python Programming Wikibook. This file was created with MediaWiki to LaTeX . The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint). Transferred from en.wikibooks to Commons by Adrignola using CommonsHelper. The original uploader was Hagindaz at English Wikibooks.
List of file signatures. This is a list of file signatures, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or Magic Bytes. Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible.