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[44] [45] A common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. [46] [47] Montesquieu included both democracies, where all the people have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies, where only some of the people rule, as republican forms of government. [48] These categories are not exclusive.
Administrative law of the United States. The Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA / ˈfɔɪjə / FOY-yə ), 5 U.S.C. § 552, is the United States federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government upon request.
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [ 1][ 2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [ 3] and often implemented by programs. These policies govern and include various aspects of life such as education, health care ...
This is the lowest classification level of information obtained by the government. It is defined as information that would "damage" national security if publicly disclosed, again, without the proper authorization. [27] Examples include information related to military strength and weapons. [28]
A free and fair election is defined as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon". This definition was popularized by political scientist Robert Dahl.A free and fair election involves political freedoms and fair processes leading up to the vote, a fair count of eligible voters who cast a ballot, a lack of electoral fraud or voter suppression, and acceptance of election results ...
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government (the central or federal government) with regional governments ( provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Johannes Althusius is considered the father of modern federalism along ...
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state . In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy.
The United States Government Manual is the official handbook of the federal government, published annually by the Office of the Federal Register and printed and distributed by the United States Government Publishing Office. [1] The first edition was issued in 1935; before the 1973/74 edition it was known as the United States Government ...