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v. t. e. A chart of accounts ( COA) is a list of financial accounts and reference numbers, grouped into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses, and used for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger. Accounts may be associated with an identifier (account number) and a caption or header and are ...
Accounting equation. The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system and the cornerstone of the entire accounting science. Like any equation, each side will always be equal. In the accounting equation, every transaction will have a debit and credit entry, and ...
Substance over form is an accounting principle used "to ensure that financial statements give a complete, relevant, and accurate picture of transactions and events". If an entity practices the 'substance over form' concept, then the financial statements will convey the overall financial reality of the entity (economic substance), rather than simply reporting the legal record of transactions ...
For example, sales returns and allowance and sales discounts are contra revenues with respect to sales, as the balance of each contra (a debit) is the opposite of sales (a credit). To understand the actual value of sales, one must net the contras against sales, which gives rise to the term net sales (meaning net of the contras). [34]
Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt. Money acts as a standard measure and a common denomination of trade. It is thus a basis for quoting and bargaining of prices.
Accounting. In accrual accounting, the matching principle instructs that an expense should be reported in the same period in which the corresponding revenue is earned. The revenue recognition principle states that revenues should be recorded during the period in which they are earned, regardless of when the transfer of cash occurs.
A balance sheet is often described as a "snapshot of a company's financial condition". [ 1] It is the summary of each and every financial statement of an organization . Of the four basic financial statements, the balance sheet is the only statement which applies to a single point in time of a business's calendar year. [ 2]
Accounting. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP or U.S. GAAP or GAAP (USA), pronounced like "gap") is the accounting standard adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) [ 1] and is the default accounting standard used by companies based in the United States . The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB ...