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Intellectual disability ( ID ), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom [ 3]) and formerly mental retardation (in the United States [ 4] ), [ 5][ 6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
Fragile X syndrome ( FXS) is a genetic disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [ 1] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled. [ 3][ 4] Physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and large testicles. [ 1]
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). In 2022, a revised version (DSM-5-TR) was published. [1]
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022 [ 1]) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria. It is the main book for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders ...
Developmental disability. Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent ...
Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8 ), [1] is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85), [2] but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ).
Psychomotor retardation. Other names. Psychomotor impairment, motormental retardation, psychomotor slowing. Specialty. Psychiatry. Psychomotor retardation involves a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. It can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect. [ 1]
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
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