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The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left -leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic , and consisted of various socialist , communist , separatist , anarchist , and republican ...
Background of the Spanish Civil War. The background of the Spanish Civil War dates back to the end of the 19th century, when the owners of large estates, called latifundios, held most of the power in a land-based oligarchy. The landowners' power was unsuccessfully challenged by the industrial and merchant sectors.
NKVD General Pavel Sudoplatov, an ethnic Ukrainian who was later the main handler for his Spanish Civil War colleagues Nahum Eitingon and Ramón Mercader's during the assassination of Leon Trotsky, later recalled, "From 1936 to 1939 there were two life-and-death struggles in Spain, both of them civil wars. One pitted nationalist forces let by ...
History of the Spanish Civil War, by year. 1936 in the Spanish Civil War. 1937 in the Spanish Civil War. 1938–39 in the Spanish Civil War.
Bombing of Guernica. On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica ( Gernika in Basque) was aerially bombed during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco 's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe 's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria, under the code name ...
The international response to the Spanish Civil War included many non- Spaniards participating in combat and advisory positions. The governments of Italy, Germany and, to a lesser extent, Portugal contributed money, munitions, manpower and support to the Nationalist forces, led by Francisco Franco. Some nations that declared neutrality favored ...
One of his more famous books is Spanish Civil War, The Soviet Union and Communism, which analyzes Joseph Stalin and the Soviet government's intervention in Spain. He also wrote The Franco Regime, The Spanish Civil War and A History of Fascism 1914–1945.
The first modern pronunciamiento in Spanish history was that of Lieutenant-Colonel Rafael Riego against King Ferdinand VII, in 1820. Another prominent pronunciamiento was the successful rebellion of September 1868 against Isabella II of Spain, by Generals Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano, initiating the Six Democratic Years and First Republic.