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Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Some Gregorian dates may vary slightly from those given, and may also vary by country. See Islamic calendar. [4] [5]
Although the date of Eid al-Fitr is always the same in the Islamic calendar, the date in the Gregorian calendar falls approximately 11 days earlier each successive year, since the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Gregorian calendar is solar. Hence if the Eid falls in the first ten days of a Gregorian calendar year, there will be a second Eid ...
See also 22 Ramadan for alternative date. 19 Ramadan: May 12, 2020 One of three dates used by Shia Muslims for Laylat al-Qadr: See notes for 23 Ramadan 20 Ramadan: May 13, 2020 Conquest of Mecca: Shia day of remembrance 21 Ramadan: May 14, 2020 Martyrdom of Imam Ali, also one of the dates used by Sunnis for Laylat al-Qadr, see 27 Ramadan entry.
While some Islamic organizations prefer determining the new month (and hence the new year) by local sightings of the moon, [2] most Islamic institutions and countries, including Saudi Arabia, [3] follow astronomical calculations to determine future dates of the Islamic calendar.
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar, whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah, and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). [2] [b] The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year.
The Islamic calendar is a lunar one, where each month begins when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. The Islamic year consists of 12 lunar cycles, and consequently it is 10 to 11 days shorter than the solar year, and as it contains no intercalation, [a] Ramadan migrates throughout the seasons. The Islamic day starts after sunset.
In Shia Islam, Ashura commemorates the death of Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson and the third Shia imam. [20] Husayn was killed, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, on 10 Muharram 61 AH (10 October 680) in the Battle of Karbala against the army of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ( r.