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2/1 game forcing ( Two-over-one game forcing) is a bidding system in modern contract bridge structured around the following responses to a one-level opening bid: a non-jump response in a new suit at the one-level is constructive and forcing for one round, a non-jump response in a new suit at the two-level is forcing to game, and.
This is a list of bidding systems used in contract bridge. [1] [2] Systems listed have either had an historical impact on the development of bidding in the game or have been or are currently being used at the national or international levels of competition. Bidding systems are characterized as belonging to one of two broadly defined categories:
On-board diagnostics. Various views of a "MaxScan OE509" – a fairly typical onboard diagnostics (OBD) scanner, 2015. On-board diagnostics ( OBD) is a term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability. In the United States, this capability is a requirement to comply with federal emissions standards to detect failures that ...
OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections .
Standard American. Standard American is a bidding system for the game of bridge widely used in North America and elsewhere. Owing to the popularization of the game by Charles Goren in the 1940s and 1950s, its early versions were sometimes referred to simply as 'Goren'. With the addition and evolution of various treatments and conventions, it is ...
List of defenses to 1NT. This is a list of defensive conventions used in the game of contract bridge to compete in the bidding after the opponents have opened with a one notrump (1NT) bid. ANTI. Aspro [ 1][ 2] Asptro, [ 1][ 2] a hybrid of Astro and Aspro. Astro, [ 1][ 2] Modified Astro, Pinpoint Astro, Grano-Astro, Roth-Stone Astro. Astrolite [ 1]
Hand evaluation. In contract bridge, various bidding systems have been devised to enable partners to describe their hands so that they may reach the optimum contract. Key to this process is that players evaluate and re-evaluate the trick-taking potential of their hands as the auction proceeds and additional information about partner's hand and ...
The service will no longer be available as of May 28th. Automatic, the company behind an on-board diagnostics (OBD-II) dongle for cars, announced that it’s shutting down due to COVID-19. The ...